Please ensure that the device is not turned off while it is being updated. In order to fix this problem, restart your computer by selecting Update and Restart option from Windows Power button which can be accessed by clicking the Windows icon at the bottom left corner (also known as the Start button). When the update is major and affects various components of the device, some of the features of Windows may stop working.
Microsoft frequently updates Windows 10 for various reasons including fixing security issues. The number 1 reason for Window’s volume control icon to malfunction is due to pending Windows updates which are waiting to be installed. Reason 1 for Volume Control Icon Not Working: Pending Updates for Windows 10